IHL and CRSV🔗

• ICRC, ‘Domestic Implementation of International Humanitarian Law Prohibiting Sexual Violence: A Checklist for States and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement‘ (ICRC, December 2020)
• Gloria Gaggioli, ‘Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts: A Violation of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law‘ (2015) 96 International Review of the Red Cross 503
• ICRC, ‘“That Never Happens Here”: Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Men, Boys, LGBTIQ+ People‘ (ICRC, February 2022)
• ICRC, ‘International Humanitarian Law and Gender‐Based Violence in the Context of the Arms Trade Treaty‘ (ICRC, April 2019)
• ICRC, ‘Forced to Report: Mandatory Reporting of Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict‘ (ICRC, July 2020)
• Janet Benshoof, ‘The Other Red Line: The Use of Rape as an Unlawful Tactic of Warfare (2014) 5(2) Global Policy 146
• Elisabeth Jean Wood, ‘Rape as a Practice of War: Toward a Typology of Political Violence‘ (2018) 46(4) Politics & Society 1
• Global Justice Center, ‘Fact Sheet. Stopping the Use of Rape as a Tactic of War: A New Approach‘ (Global Justice Center, June 2014)
• Lisa Davis, ‘Dusting Off the Law Books: Recognizing Gender Persecution in Conflicts and Atrocities‘ (2021) 20(1) Northwestern Journal of Human Rights 1
• Grant Shubin, ‘Gender Norms as a Tool for Wartime Torturers – A Look at Sexual and Gender-Based Violence under International Humanitarian Law‘ (Just Security, November 2022)
• ICRC, ‘Persons with Disabilities in Armed Conflict‘ (ICRC, November 2022)
• Sara La Vecchia, ‘The Protection of Women and Girls with Disabilities in Armed Conflict: Adopting a Gender-, Age- and Disability-Inclusive Approach to Select IHL Provisions‘ (2023) 105(922) International Review of the Red Cross 161
• Bryce Wesley Reeder and Rachel Dicke, ‘Peacekeeping Deployments, Intragroup Cohesion, and the Use of Sexual Violence by Armed Non-State Groups‘ (2023) 30(2) International Peacekeeping 230
• Sumin Lee and Andrey Tomashevskiy, ‘Punish or Tolerate? State Capacity, Military Oversight, and Wartime Sexual Violence‘ (2023) International Interactions
• Logan Dumaine, Ragnhild Nordås, Maria Gargiulo and Elisabeth Jean Wood, ‘Repertoires of Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict‘ (2022) 59(4) Journal of Peace Research 611
• Helga Malmin Binningsbø and Ragnhild Nordås, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and the Perils of Impunity‘ (2022) 66(6) Journal of Conflict Resolution 1066
• Katherine Sawyer, Kanisha D. Bond and Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham, ‘Rebel Leader Ascension and Wartime Sexual Violence‘ (2021) 83(1) Journal of Politics 396
• Mehwish Sarwari, ‘Impact of Rebel Group Ideology on Wartime Sexual Violence‘ (2020) 6(2) Journal of Global Security Studies
• Victor Asal and Robert Ulrich Nagel, ‘Control over Bodies and Territories: Insurgent Territorial Control and Sexual Violence‘ (2021) 30(1) Security Studies 136
• Robert Ulrich Nagel, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and the Re-Escalation of Lethal Violence‘ (2021) 65(1) International Studies Quarterly 56
• ICRC and Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, The Montreux Document on Pertinent International Legal Obligations and Good Practices for States Related to Operations of Private Military and Security Companies during Armed Conflict (ICRC, 2008)
• ICRC, ‘Towards a Disability-Inclusive IHL: ICRC Views and Recommendations‘ (ICRC, July 2023)
• James Patrick Sexton, ‘The Anti-ISIL Coalition, Civilian Harm, and the Obligation to Investigate‘ (Lieber Institute – West Point, August 2023)

IHRL and CRSV🔗

• CEDAW Committee, ‘General Recommendation No. 30 on Women in Conflict Prevention, Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations’ (1 November 2013) UN Doc CEDAW/C/GC/30
• CEDAW and CRC Committees, ‘Ensuring Prevention, Protection and Assistance for Children Born of Conflict Related Rape and Their Mothers: Joint Statement by CEDAW and CRC‘ (19 November 2021)
• Marion Bethel, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence as Gender-Based Violence against Women and Girls: CEDAW Convention, General Recommendations (Nos 35 and 30) and Practice of the Committee with Recommendations and Guidance to State Parties to the Convention‘ (OHCHR, September 2022)
• Conference of States Parties to the CRPD, ‘Protecting the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Armed Conflict and Humanitarian Emergencies’ (30 March 2021) UN Doc CRPD/CSP/2021/2
• CRPD Committee, ‘Guidelines on Deinstitutionalization, Including in Emergencies’ (10 October 2022) UN Doc CRPD/C/5

Genocide and CRSV🔗

• Sareta Ashraph, ‘Beyond Killing: Gender, Genocide, and Obligations Under International Law‘ (Global Justice Center, December 2018)
• Erin Rosenberg, ‘Gender and Genocide in the 21^st Century: How Understanding Gender Can Improve Genocide Prevention and Response‘ (Newslines Institute, November 2021)

African Union System🔗

• ACHPR, ‘Guidelines on Combating Sexual Violence and Its Consequences in Africa‘ (2017)
• Jean-Baptiste Niyizurugero and Patrick Lessène, ‘Robben Island Guidelines for the Prohibition and Prevention of Torture in Africa: Practical Guide for Implementation‘ (Association for the Prevention of Torture, ACHPR and Regional Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2008)
• ACHPR and Centre for Human Rights (University of Pretoria), ‘Guidelines for State Reporting under the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa‘ (Centre for Human Rights, 2016)

Council of Europe System🔗

• CoE, Handbook on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse in Crisis and Emergency Situations (2022)

Inter-American Human Rights System🔗

• Ruth Rubio-Marin and Clara Sandoval, ‘Engendering the Reparations Jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: The Promise of the Cotton Field Judgment‘ (2011) 33 Human Rights Quarterly 1062

UN and CRSV🔗

• UN Department of Peace Operations, Handbook for United Nations Field Missions on Preventing and Responding to Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (2020)
• UN Department of Political Affairs, ‘Guidance for Mediators: Addressing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Ceasefire and Peace Agreements‘ (2012)
• UN Action against Sexual Violence in Conflict, ‘Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence‘ (2011)
• Karin Johansson, ‘Talk of Shame: Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and Bilateral Critique within the United Nations‘ (2023) Journal of Peace Research
• Audrey Comstock, ‘The UN Voluntary Compact and Peacekeeping Abuse: Assessing a Soft Law Solution for Sexual Exploitation and Abuse‘ (2022) International Journal of Human Rights

Reports of the United Nations Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence🔗

• UNSC, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General’ (29 March 2022) UN Doc S/2022/272
• UNSC, ‘Report of the United Nations Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence’ (20 April 2016) UN Doc S/2016/361
• UNSC, ‘Report of the United Nations Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence’ (15 April 2017) UN Doc S/2017/249
• UNSC, ‘Report of the United Nations Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence’ (16 April 2018) UN Doc S/2018/250
• UNSC, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General’ (29 March 2019) UN Doc S/2019/280
• UNSC, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General’ (3 June 2020) UN Doc S/2020/487
• UNSC, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General’ (30 March 2021) UN Doc S/2021/312
• UNSC, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General’ (6 July 2023) UN Doc S/2023/413
• UNSC, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General’ (April 2024) UN Doc S/2024/292
• UNSC, ‘Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General’ (15 July 2025) UN Doc S/2025/389

CRSV Prevention🔗

• UN Action against Sexual Violence in Conflict, ‘Framework for the Prevention of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence‘ (21 September 2022)
• All Survivors Project, ‘Checklist on Preventing and Addressing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence against Men and Boys‘ (10 December 2019)
• All Survivors Project and International Human Rights Clinic at Harvard Law School, ‘Preventing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Detention Settings: Principles and Commentary‘ (14 October 2020)
• Hana Salama, ‘New Avenues for Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict: Addressing Weapons‘ (IPI Global Observatory, 2022)
• Hana Salama, ‘5 Ways that Arms Control and Disarmament Can Help to Prevent Sexual Violence in Conflict‘ (UN Peacekeeping, 2023)
• Hana Salama, ‘Addressing Weapons in Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: The Arms Control and Disarmament Toolbox‘ (UNIDIR, 2023)
• United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, ‘Gender & The Arms Trade Treaty‘ (UNIDIR and Control Arms, 2022)
• ICRC, ‘Understanding the Arms Trade Treaty from a Humanitarian Perspective‘ (ICRC, 2020)
• UN, ‘Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes‘ (2014)
• Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights, Compilation of Risk Factors and Legal Norms for the Prevention of Genocide (Jacob Blaustein Institute, 2011)
• Michael P. Broache and Juhi Kore, ‘Can the International Criminal Court Prevent Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict?‘ (2023) 22(1) Journal of Human Rights 78
• ICRC, ‘Prevention and Criminal Repression of Rape and Other Forms of Sexual Violence during Armed Conflicts‘ (ICRC, March 2015)

Survivor Engagement🔗

• Global Code of Conduct for Gathering and Using Information about Systematic and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (Murad Code)

Humanitarian Response🔗

• Center for Reproductive Rights, ‘Care in Crisis: Failures to Guarantee the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Refugees from Ukraine in Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia‘ (Center for Reproductive Rights, May 2023)
• All Survivors Project, ‘Responding to Conflict-Related Sexual Violence against Boys Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups in Reintegration Programmes‘ (12 December 2022)
• All Survivors Project, ‘Strengthening Responses to Conflict-Related Sexual Violence against Boys Deprived of Their Liberty in Situations of Armed Conflict‘ (12 December 2022)

Reparations🔗

• CAT Committee, ‘General Comment No. 3 (2012) on the Implementation of Article 14 by States Parties’ (13 December 2012) UN Doc CAT/C/GC/3
• UN Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, ‘The United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture‘
• UNGA, ‘Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law’ (2005) UN Doc A/RES/60/147 
• Pablo de Greiff, ‘Report of the Special Rapporteur of the Promotion of Truth, Justice, Reparation and Guarantees of Non-Recurrence’ (27 December 2016) UN Doc A/HRC/34/62
• Kelli Muddell and Sibley Hawkins, ‘Gender and Transitional Justice: A Training Module Series. Module 5: Memorialization‘ (International Center for Transitional Justice, 2018)
• UN Secretary-General, ‘Guidance Note of the Secretary-General: Reparations for Conflict‐Related Sexual Violence‘ (June 2014)

Country-Specific Literature🔗

• Global Survivors Fund, ‘Global Reparations Study‘ (NB: at this link, readers can find country specific reports on the status of and opportunities for reparations for survivors of conflict-related sexual violence, including for Chad, Uganda, Myanmar, the Gambia, Cambodia, Ukraine, Colombia, South Sudan, and Bosnia-Herzegovina)

Africa🔗

• Dr. Denis Mukwege Foundation and Center for Human Rights, Gender and Migration at Washington University (St. Louis), ‘Understanding Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Northern Ethiopia‘ (2022)
• Denis Mukwege and Cathy Nangini, ‘Effects of an Empowerment Program for Survivors of Sexual Violence on Attitudes and Beliefs: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo‘ (2019) 18 International Journal for Equity in Health
• Denis Mukwege and Marie Berg, ‘A Holistic, Person-Centred Care Model for Victims of Sexual Violence in Democratic Republic of Congo: The Panzi Hospital One-Stop Centre Model of Care‘ (Plos Medicine, 11 October 2016)
• John Quattrochi, Rosalie Biaba, Ragnhild Nordås, Gudrun Østby, Susanne Alldén, Aline Cikara, Esther Namegabe and Christina Amisi, ‘Rape with Extreme Violence: The New Pathology in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo‘ (Plos Medicine, 22 December 2009)
• Insecurity Insight, ‘Sexual Violence in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region‘ (Insecurity Insight, 30 March 2021)
• Dyan Mazurana, ‘What “Rape as a Weapon of War” in Tigray Really Means‘ (World Peace Foundation, August 2021)

Americas🔗

• Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum, ‘Untold Truths: The Exclusion of Enforced Sterilizations from the Peruvian Truth Commission’s Report‘ (21 September 2008)

Asia🔗

• Global Justice Center, ‘Myanmar’s Proposed Prevention of Violence against Women Law‘ (Global Justice Center, July 2020)
• Global Justice Center, ‘Discrimination to Destruction: A Legal Analysis of Gender Crimes against the Rohingya‘ (Global Justice Center, September 2018)
• Global Justice Center, ‘Iraq’s Criminal Laws Preclude Justice for Women and Girls‘ (Global Justice Center, March 2018)

Europe🔗

• Lindsay Stark, Kim Thuy Seelinger, Reine-Marcella Ibala, Yana Tovpeko and Denis Mukwege, ‘Prevention of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Ukraine and Globally‘ (2022) 399(10342) The Lancet 2173